Burden of Foodborne Illness: Findings | Estimates of Foodborne Illness (2024)

CDC estimates that each year roughly 1 in 6 Americans (or 48 million people) gets sick, 128,000 are hospitalized, and 3,000 die of foodborne diseases.

These estimates provide the most accurate estimates yet of which known foodborne pathogens (bacteria, viruses, and parasites) are causing the most illnesses in the United States, and how many foodborne illnesses are caused by unspecified agents. The estimates also show that much work remains to be done—specifically in focusing efforts on the top known pathogens and identifying the additional causes of foodborne illness and death.

CDC provides estimates for two major groups of foodborne illnesses

Known foodborne pathogens — 31 pathogens known to cause foodborne illness. Many of these pathogens are tracked by public health systems that track diseases and outbreaks. Read the report >

Unspecified agents — Agents with insufficient data to estimate agent-specific burden; known agents not yet identified as causing foodborne illness; microbes, chemicals, or other substances known to be in food whose ability to cause illness is unproven; and agents not yet identified. Because you can’t “track” what isn’t yet identified, estimates for this group of agents started with the health effects or symptoms that they are most likely to cause, such as acute gastroenteritis. Read the report >

Total number of foodborne illnesses each year

CDC estimated the number of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths caused by both known and unspecified agents. CDC then estimated what proportion of each were foodborne. The first table below provides estimates for domestically acquired foodborne illnesses, and the second table provides estimates for domestically acquired illnesses caused by all transmission routes (foodborne, waterborne, person-to-person contact, animal contact, environmental contamination, and others).

Estimated annual number of domestically acquired, foodborne illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths due to 31 pathogens and the unspecified agents transmitted through food, United States
Estimated annual number of domestically acquired, foodborne illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths due to 31 pathogens and the unspecified agents transmitted through food, United States
Foodborne agentsEstimated annual number of illnessesEstimated annual number of hospitalizationsEstimated annual number of deaths
Number (90% credible interval)%Number (90% credible interval)%Number (90% credible interval)%
31 known pathogens9.4 million
(6.6–12.7 million)
2055,961
(39,534–75,741)
441,351
(712–2,268)
44
Unspecified agents38.4 million
(19.8–61.2 million)
8071,878
(9,924–157,340)
561,686
(369–3,338)
56
Total47.8 million
(28.7–71.1 million)
100127,839
(62,529–215,562)
1003,037
(1,492–4,983)
100
Estimated annual number of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths due to 31 pathogens and the unspecified agents, United States
Estimated annual number of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths due to 31 pathogens and the unspecified agents, United States
Foodborne agentsEstimated annual number of illnessesEstimated annual number of hospitalizationsEstimated annual number of deaths
Number (90% credible interval)%Number (90% credible interval)%Number (90% credible interval)%
31 known pathogens37.2 million
(28.4–47.6 million)
21228,744
(188,326–275,601)
472,612
(1,723–3,819)
42
Unspecified agents141.8 million79258,033533,57458
Total179 million100486,7771006,186100

Pathogens causing the most foodborne illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths each year

Top five pathogens contributing to domestically acquired foodborne illnesses
Top five pathogens contributing to domestically acquired foodborne illnesses
PathogenEstimated number of illnesses90% credible interval%
Norovirus5,461,7313,227,078–8,309,48058
Salmonella, nontyphoidal1,027,561644,786–1,679,66711
Clostridium perfringens965,958192,316–2,483,30910
Campylobacter spp.845,024337,031–1,611,0839
Staphylococcus aureus241,14872,341–529,4173
Subtotal91

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Top five pathogens contributing to domestically acquired foodborne illnesses resulting in hospitalization
Top five pathogens contributing to domestically acquired foodborne illnesses resulting in hospitalization
PathogenEstimated number of hospitalizations90% credible interval%
Salmonella, nontyphoidal19,3368,545–37,49035
Norovirus14,6638,097–23,32326
Campylobacter spp.8,4634,300–15,22715
Toxoplasma gondii4,4282,634–6,6748
E. coli (STEC) O1572,138549–4,6144
Subtotal88
Top five pathogens contributing to domestically acquired foodborne illnesses resulting in death
Top five pathogens contributing to domestically acquired foodborne illnesses resulting in death
PathogenEstimated number of deaths90% credible interval%
Salmonella, nontyphoidal3780–1,01128
Toxoplasma gondii327200–48224
Listeria monocytogenes2550–73319
Norovirus14984–23711
Campylobacter spp.760–3326
Subtotal88
Burden of Foodborne Illness: Findings  | Estimates of Foodborne Illness (2024)

FAQs

Burden of Foodborne Illness: Findings | Estimates of Foodborne Illness? ›

CDC estimates that each year roughly 1 in 6 Americans (or 48 million people) gets sick, 128,000 are hospitalized, and 3,000 die of foodborne diseases.

What are the estimates for foodborne diseases? ›

Each year, an estimated 600 million people fall ill and 420 000 people die from unsafe food, resulting in the loss of 33 million healthy life years (DALYs). Children under 5 years of age are at particularly high risk, with 125 000 children dying from foodborne diseases every year.

What is the CDC estimate of the burden of foodborne illness in the US per year? ›

CDC estimates that each year 48 million people get sick from a foodborne illness, 128,000 are hospitalized, and 3,000 die.

How many cases of foodborne illness are estimated to occur in the US each year ______? ›

However, when certain disease-causing bacteria or pathogens contaminate food, they can cause foodborne illness, often called "food poisoning." The Federal government estimates that there are about 48 million cases of foodborne illness annually — the equivalent of sickening 1 in 6 Americans each year.

What is the disease burden of food poisoning? ›

The global burden of infectious diarrhoea involves 3-5 billion cases and nearly 1.5 million deaths annually, mainly in young children, due to diarrhoeal disease caused by contaminated food and water.

Who estimates the burden of foodborne diseases? ›

The report estimated that more than 600 million cases of foodborne illnesses and 420 000 deaths occurred in a year (reference year 2010). It was also evident that the burden of foodborne diseases falls disproportionately on children under 5 years of age, and in low- and middle-income countries.

What is the economic burden of foodborne illness? ›

The total health-related cost of foodborne illness in the United States is $51.0 billion (90% CI, $31.2 to $76.1 billion). The corresponding cost using the enhanced model (Table 4) is $77.7 billion (90% CI, $28.6 to $144.6 billion).

How many cases of foodborne illnesses occur each year in the United States an estimated ____ million? ›

CDC estimates 48 million people get sick, 128,000 are hospitalized, and 3,000 die from foodborne diseases each year in the United States.

What is the rate of foodborne illness? ›

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has estimated that every year in the United States: 48 million (or 1 in 6) people get sick from a foodborne illness. 128,000 people are hospitalized because of a foodborne illness.

What is the number one cause of foodborne illness according to the CDC? ›

Norovirus is a leading cause of disease from contaminated foods in the United States.

How many estimated hospitalizations are there from foodborne illnesses? ›

CDC estimates that each year roughly 1 in 6 Americans (or 48 million people) gets sick, 128,000 are hospitalized, and 3,000 die of foodborne diseases.

What percentage of foodborne illnesses are estimated to lead to serious long-term illness? ›

The Food and Drug Administration estimates that two to three percent of all foodborne illnesses lead to serious secondary long-term illnesses.

What is the foodborne illness summary? ›

It is an illness that comes from eating contaminated food. The onset of symptoms may occur within minutes to weeks and often presents itself as flu-like symptoms, as the ill person may experience symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or fever.

What is the total burden of disease? ›

Burden of disease measures the impact of living with illness and injury and dying prematurely. The summary measure 'disability-adjusted life years' (or DALY) measures the years of healthy life lost from death and illness.

What is the burden of this disease? ›

The sum of mortality and morbidity is called the “burden of disease” by researchers, and can be measured by a metric called “Disability Adjusted Life Years” (DALYs). DALYs are standardized units to measure lost health. They help compare the burden of different diseases in different countries, populations, and times.

What is burden of disease terms? ›

The overall burden of disease is assessed using the disability-adjusted life year (DALY), a time-based measure that combines years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs) and years of life lost due to time lived in states of less than full health, or years of healthy life lost due to disability (YLDs).

What are the statistics for foodborne illness? ›

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has estimated that every year in the United States: 48 million (or 1 in 6) people get sick from a foodborne illness. 128,000 people are hospitalized because of a foodborne illness. 3,000 people die from a foodborne illness.

Who's first ever global estimates of foodborne diseases? ›

The report, which estimates the burden of foodborne diseases caused by 31 agents – bacteria, viruses, parasites, toxins and chemicals – states that each year as many as 600 million, or almost 1 in 10 people in the world, fall ill after consuming contaminated food.

What is the estimated cost to a restaurant of a foodborne illness outbreak? ›

We estimated that the cost of a single foodborne illness outbreak ranged from $3968 to $1.9 million for a fast-food restaurant, $6330 to $2.1 million for a fast-casual restaurant, $8030 to $2.2 million for a casual-dining restaurant, and $8273 to $2.6 million for a fine-dining restaurant, varying from a 5-person ...

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