To make a good cheese sauce or gravy, you need a thickening agent. Cornstarch and flour are two common thickening agents in the home kitchen. Both are cereal starches and when they’re mixed with a liquid and then heated, they gelatinize.
While cornstarch and all-purpose flour can often be substituted for each other, the two have their differences. Cornstarch is pure starch made from corn. Flour, on the other hand, is made from wheat and contains starch and gluten, a protein responsible for giving bread it’s chew and elasticity. However, because flour is not solely starch, it has less thickening power than cornstarch. Thus, it takes twice the amount of flour (2 tablespoons per 1 cup liquid) to achieve the same results with cornstarch (1 tablespoon per 1 cup liquid).
Another difference is in the look. A sauce thickened with flour will be cloudy and opaque, while a cornstarch thickened sauce will look transparent and glossy. Pie fillings and fruit sauces are often made with cornstarch and flour works best for sauces prepared with fat, such as a cheese sauce (roux). Experiment with both options to see what achieves the best result!
Chicken and Dumplings
(Printable PDF)
1 Tablespoon olive oil
1 lb. boneless, skinless chicken breast, cut into 1-inch pieces
1 medium onion, chopped
1 cup celery, chopped
1 (1 lb.) bag frozen mixed vegetables
2 cloves garlic, minced
32 oz. no added salt chicken stock
1 teaspoon poultry seasoning
½ teaspoon salt
¼ teaspoon black pepper
1 cup non-fat milk
¼ cup all-purpose flour
Dumplings:
1 1/3 cup all-purpose flour
2 teaspoons baking powder
2/3 cup non-fat milk
1 Tablespoon margarine, melted
Add oil to a Dutch oven and heat on stovetop over medium-high heat. Add chicken, onion and celery. Cook 6-8 minutes until chicken is no longer pink. Add garlic, frozen mixed vegetables, stock and seasonings. Heat to boiling. In a small bowl, whisk milk and flour. Add to chicken mixture. Bring to a boil; reduce heat, cover and simmer. Meanwhile, in large bowl, stir flour and baking powder. In another bowl, stir melted margarine and milk. Pour into flour mixture and stir until just moistened. Drop spoonfuls of dough directly into simmering soup. Once all dumplings have been added, gently press them down so the soup runs over just the tops of them. Cover and simmer for 15 minutes until dumplings are cooked through.
Yield: 6 servings
Nutrition Facts (per serving): 380 calories, 8 grams fat, 500 milligrams sodium, 44 grams carbohydrate, 1 gram fiber, 30 grams protein
Source:
Exploratorium. Ask the inquisitive cooks. How does cornstarch work?
PHOTO CREDIT:Photo by Immo Wegmann on Unsplash
ABOUT THE AUTHOR:Jenna Smithis a Nutrition and Wellness Educatorwith University of Illinois Extension, serving Livingston, McLean, and Woodford Counties.Smith uses her experience as a registered dietitian nutritionist to deliver impactful information and cutting-edge programs to Livingston, McLean, and WoodfordCounties and beyond.
This blog post originally appeared in the Pantagraph on November 3, 2022.
FAQs
If your gravy is on the skimpy side, you can thicken it quickly with flour or cornstarch. But don't add your thickener directly to the gravy, which will create lumps. Instead, try stirring in three or four tablespoons of flour or cornstarch into a small amount of cold water until you have a smooth paste.
What is the best thickening agent for gravy? ›
Cornstarch isn't just a handy all-around kitchen staple to keep in your pantry—it's also a gluten-free gravy thickener that saves the day for the gluten-averse.
What to add to gravy to make it thicker? ›
Similar to flour, cornstarch is another ingredient that can be used to make gravy thicker. With cornstarch, making a slurry is also an option, but with 1 tablespoon of cornstarch whisked into cold water. Again, you'll want to add the slurry in increments so you don't over-thicken the gravy.
Is it better to thicken gravy with cornstarch or flour? ›
Browning adds more flavor to the gravy and gets rid of the raw flour taste. You're basically making a roux. We find that a flour-based gravy holds up better and reheats better later, which is why we tend to prefer using flour over cornstarch to make gravy unless we have a guest who is eating gluten-free.
What causes gravy to thicken? ›
A roux is a paste made from flour and fat that thickens sauces, and it's essential to a good gravy. You can make it with fat from the bottom of the roasting pan, butter or oil. Aim for one part fat to one part flour.
How do chefs thicken gravy? ›
Mix one tablespoon of cornstarch with one cup of cold water, whisking the mixture together until the cornstarch granules dissolve. Stir this mixture into your gravy on low heat. You can use arrowroot powder, tapioca flour, or potato starch as a thickener if you don't have cornstarch.
What is the healthiest thickening agent? ›
Easy-to-access alternatives are wheat flour, arrowroot flour, and rice flour. These are good alternatives to cornstarch because they are more nutritious and contain fewer carbohydrates and calories. Xanthan and guar gum are much stronger thickeners than cornstarch, but they can be harder to obtain and use.
How do restaurants thicken gravy? ›
Onion paste, cashew paste, cream, butter, melon seed paste, cornflour slurry and roux (equal parts of cooked flour and butter) are some of the commercially used thickening agents. Too much water may be the culprit.
How do you thicken gravy without losing flavor? ›
Thicken with a slurry.
Measure out 1 teaspoon all-purpose flour or cornstarch into a small bowl. Add 1 tablespoon water or broth and whisk with a fork until combined. Whisk the gravy constantly over medium heat, slowly pour the slurry into the gravy, and cook until the gravy thickens.
What is the most common cornstarch substitute for thickening? ›
Here are five of the best cornstarch substitutes for all your thickening needs.
- All-Purpose Flour. Yep, that's right — all-purpose flour is a very stable thickener. ...
- Arrowroot Powder. ...
- Potato Starch. ...
- Rice Flour. ...
- Tapioca Starch.
Use Flour and Water
Combine 2 tablespoons flour with every 1/4 cup cold water and whisk until smooth. Add the mixture to your sauce over medium heat, and continue to stir and cook until you've reached your desired consistency. Test with a spoon.
Do you add cornstarch before or after cooking? ›
This is why when recipes call for using a mixture of water and cornstarch to thicken a sauce, they will tell you to mix the combination thoroughly just before adding it to what you're cooking, as mixing produces a uniform suspension of the starch in the liquid.
What is the healthiest way to thicken gravy? ›
Arrowroot or Tapioca Flour
Both of these options can be used in the same way you'd use cornstarch in a recipe. The main benefit here is that they are both grain-free, meaning they can be used in a Paleo diet.
What to do if gravy is too watery? ›
If your gravy is on the skimpy side, you can thicken it quickly with flour or cornstarch. But don't add your thickener directly to the gravy, which will create lumps. Instead, try stirring in three or four tablespoons of flour or cornstarch into a small amount of cold water until you have a smooth paste.
How much flour to thicken 2 cups of gravy? ›
To use flour as a thickening agent:
- Use two tablespoons flour mixed with ¼ cup cold water for each cup of medium-thick sauce.
- Thoroughly mix in the water to prevent lumps.
- After stirring the combined flour and water into the sauce, cook and stir over medium heat until thickened and bubbly.
What do chefs use to thicken sauce? ›
The most readily available sauce-thickener is flour. For a too-thin sauce, try adding a slurry (equal parts flour and water, whisked together) or beurre manie (equal parts softened butter and flour, kneaded together to form a paste)—both are ideal thickeners for rich and creamy sauces, such as steak sauce recipes.
What is the strongest thickener? ›
Potato starch is the most potent of the bunch, with long starch molecules that quickly tangle with each other and thicken a liquid.
How to make gravy thicker without flour or cornstarch? ›
Mix 1 tablespoon plus 1 teaspoon arrowroot powder with 3 tablespoons water until dissolved for every 1 cup of gravy. While whisking the gravy constantly over medium heat, add the arrowroot mixture a little bit at a time. Cook, whisking often, until the gravy thickens.
What are 2 thickening agents used in sauce making? ›
- Cornstarch. Cornstarch is the most common thickening agent used in the industry. ...
- Pre-gelatinized Starches. Pre-gelatinized starches are mixed with sugar and then added to the water or juice. ...
- Arrowroot. ...
- Agar-Agar. ...
- Algin (Sodium Alginate) ...
- Gelatin. ...
- Gum Arabic or Acacia. ...
- Gum Tragacanth.