You become eligible for Medicare based on age when you turn 65, but you can sign up a few months earlier to ease the transition.
Your Medicare initial enrollment period generally starts three months before you turn 65. Signing up before your birthday allows you to consider your coverage options and get everything ready before your benefits kick in.
You have more choices for when to start receiving Social Security benefits, but you should still sign up a few months before you want those monthly payouts to begin.
» Ready to start retirement planning? Use this guide to get started
When to sign up for Medicare before turning 65
Medicare initial enrollment period
The span of months around your 65th birthday when you’re eligible to sign up for Medicare is called the initial enrollment period.
For most people, the initial enrollment period starts three months before the month you turn 65 and lasts for seven months. If your birthday is July 3, you could sign up starting April 1, and the period would end on the last day of October.
If your birthday is on the first of the month, your initial enrollment period is a little different. It’s still seven months long, but it starts four months before your birthday month and runs through the end of the second month after you turn 65. If your birthday is July 1, you could sign up starting March 1, and the initial enrollment period would end on the last day of September.
If you sign up before your birthday month, your Medicare benefits start the month you turn 65. If you sign up during or after the month of your birthday, your Medicare benefits start the month after you sign up.
What happens if you miss the initial enrollment period for Medicare?
If you miss your initial enrollment period, you have another chance to sign up every year during the general enrollment period, which runs from Jan. 1 to March 31. Your coverage starts the month after you sign up. Depending on your circ*mstances and which parts of Medicare you’re signing up for, you might face late enrollment penalties.
You may also have other opportunities to sign up if you qualify for a special enrollment period. Special enrollment periods generally occur when you move or lose other health coverage.
Compare Medigap plans
Automatic enrollment in Medicare
If you’re already receiving Social Security benefits when you turn 65, you’ll be automatically enrolled in Medicare. When this happens, you get Medicare Part A and Part B starting on the first day of the month of your 65th birthday (or the month before, if your birthday is on the first of the month). Your Medicare Part B premiums are automatically deducted from your Social Security payment.
You’ll still need to act if you want to make any of these additions or changes to your Medicare coverage:
Choosing not to enroll in Medicare Part B.
Adding Medicare Part D prescription drug coverage.
Adding a Medicare Supplement Insurance (Medigap) plan to cover out-of-pocket costs.
Signing up for Medicare Advantage, a bundled alternative to Medicare Part A and B sold by private companies.
When to sign up for Social Security
You won’t necessarily start receiving Social Security and Medicare benefits at the same time. Whereas most people get Medicare at age 65, you have more options for when to start your Social Security benefits.
You can apply for Social Security benefits up to four months before you want the benefits to start. The earliest you can qualify for age-based Social Security benefits is when you turn 62, so the earliest you could apply would be four months before your 62nd birthday. But you might want to wait.
The full retirement age to receive Social Security is 67 for people born in 1960 or later. That’s when you’re entitled to 100% of your Social Security benefits. You can choose to start receiving permanently reduced benefits at a younger age, or you can defer past age 67 to increase your Social Security benefits. Once you hit full retirement age, your benefits increase by 8% per year until age 70, when they reach their maximum amount.
Estimate your Social Security retirement benefits
Your actual benefit may be lower or higher than estimate made with this calculator, because it does not take into account your actual earnings history.
We assume you have earnings every year until you begin receiving Social Security benefits. If you had several years of noncovered employment or your earnings changed significantly from year to year, this calculator will overestimate or underestimate your benefit.
How soon before your 65th birthday should you sign up for Medicare?
You can sign up for Medicare starting three months before the month you turn 65 (or four months before if your birthday is on the first day of the month). If you enroll before the month of your 65th birthday, your coverage starts the month you turn 65. If you sign up during the month of your 65th birthday or afterward within your initial enrollment period, your coverage starts the month after you enroll.
Is there any reason not to sign up for Medicare at 65?
You're contributing to an HSA
Since most people get Medicare Part A for free, generally there’s no need to delay getting this coverage unless you have employer health coverage and want to contribute to a health savings account (HSA) — once you sign up for Medicare, you can’t save to an HSA. In fact, Medicare Part A has a six-month lookback period, so you should stop contributing to an HSA at least six months before you enroll in Part A.
» MORE: HSAs and Medicare: What you need to know
You're still working
If you have employer health coverage and your company has 20 or more employees, you may be able to wait to enroll in Medicare Part B until that group coverage ends. You won’t have to pay your Part B premium until you sign up for Part B. Once group coverage ends or you stop working, you’ll have eight months to sign up for Medicare Part B before you risk a late enrollment penalty.
If you’ll pay a premium for Part A, you also can delay signing up for Part A if you have health insurance from an employer with 20 or more employees. The same eight-month window applies to signing up once you lose coverage or stop working.
» MORE: When to sign up for Medicare if you’re 65 and still working
Do you automatically get Medicare when you turn 65?
If you’re receiving Social Security benefits, you’ll be automatically enrolled in Original Medicare (Part A and Part B) when you become eligible. Your premiums will be automatically deducted from your Social Security payments. If you want to wait to enroll in Medicare Part B, you’ll have to send your Medicare card back to the Social Security Administration.
If you want to add Medicare Part D prescription drug coverage and/or Medicare Supplement Insurance, you’ll have to do that yourself. You can also choose to shop for a Medicare Advantage plan instead of Original Medicare.
If you’re not receiving Social Security benefits, you should sign up for Medicare yourself when you become eligible at age 65.
» MORE: Medicare vs. Medicare Advantage
Do you need to notify Social Security when you turn 65?
You don’t need to notify Social Security that you’re turning 65. Instead, you apply for Social Security when you want your benefits to start, which could be as early as age 62 or as late as age 70.
If you’re already receiving Social Security benefits when you turn 65, you’ll be automatically enrolled in Medicare — no need to let Social Security know that your birthday is coming.
