What’s the Difference Between a Cobbler, Crisp, Crumble, Buckle, Betty, Pandowdy? (2024)

This post originally appeared in an edition of What’s the Difference?, a weekly newsletter for the curious and confused by New York City writer Brette Warshaw. Eater will be publishing all editions that parse food-related differences, though those hardly scratch the surface of the world’s (and the newsletter’s) curiosities: Sign up to get What’s the Difference? in your inbox or catch up on the full archive.

What’s the difference between...

A Cobbler, Crisp, Crumble, Buckle, Betty, Pandowdy, Etc.?

There are a lot of ways to get cute with this topic — lots of fun food-history tidbits to dredge up, lots of delightfully retro and oddly worded recipes to photocopy from my extensive collection of old-fashioned community cookbooks and brand-marketing ephemera — but let’s get down to business. We all like fruit desserts, and we all like being right. So here is your reference to refer to while cooking, consuming, and conversing about the cobblered, crisped, and crumbled cooked-fruit casseroles we love.

Cobbler

A mess of fruit topped — or “cobbled” — with biscuit dough, pie dough, or cake batter and then baked in an oven. Some old-fashioned variations of cobbler are inverted before serving, so the biscuit-y stuff ends up on the bottom.

Crumble

A deep-dish fruit dessert topped with a streusel made of butter, flour, oats, and sometimes nuts.

Crisp

A crumble but with NO OATS in the streusel.

Betty

A casserole made with layers of fruit and buttered bread crumbs and baked.

Buckle

A fruit-studded coffee cake with a streusel topping. According to my research, this streusel can be made either WITH OATS or WITHOUT OATS.

Boy bait

A buckle but without a streusel topping.

Grunt

A biscuit, pie, or cake-topped fruit dessert that’s cooked in a covered Dutch oven or cast-iron skillet on the stove. Grunts are very similar to cobblers, but they are STEAMED instead of BAKED.

Slump

The New England name for a cobbler.

Pandowdy

Similar to a cobbler, but the biscuit or pie dough is rolled out and placed on top of the fruit. During the baking process, the topping is broken up with a knife or spoon and pushed into the fruit, causing the fruit to bubble over it.

Sonker

Essentially the same thing as a cobbler? But worth checking out Kim Severson’s article in the New York Times for the full context.

Schlumpf

The only time I’ve heard of a schlumpf is through food professional and dear friend Marian Bull, who has a delicious Blueberry Schlumpf recipe on Food52. It looks like it’s technically a crisp (NO OATS!), but let this serve as a reminder that you can essentially make up any name for any of these types of desserts and it’ll sound about right.

BONUS ENTRY:

Shortcake

A combination of lightly sweetened biscuits, whipped cream, and fresh fruit, prepared separately and layered together for serving. Its components are similar to that of a cobbler (fruit + biscuit), but the fruit is not cooked and the biscuits are prepared on their own, rather than dolloped on top of the fruit mixture before baking. (Since the shortcake uses fresh fruit instead of cooked fruit, it’s in its own category.)

And in case this was too many words and you enjoy gazing at Excel spreadsheets devoted to your favorite desserts, I present you with a handy table summarizing all of the above:

What’s the Difference Between a Cobbler, Crisp, Crumble, Buckle, Betty, Pandowdy? (1)

What’s the Difference Between a Cobbler, Crisp, Crumble, Buckle, Betty, Pandowdy, etc.? [wtd]

What’s the Difference Between a Cobbler, Crisp, Crumble, Buckle, Betty, Pandowdy? (2024)

FAQs

What is the difference between a pandowdy and a cobbler? ›

Pandowdy: A pandowdy is a deep-dish baked fruit dessert with a flaky pie or biscuit topping. The main difference between a pandowdy and a cobbler is that the topping is rolled out to the shape of the baking dish, placed on top of the fruit mixture and partially baked.

What is the difference between a crisp cobbler crumble and a buckle? ›

Though crumbles, crisps, and cobblers are more akin to pie, a buckle is a lot like cake. In fact, they look nearly identical to fruit-filled coffee cakes. As the batter rises in the oven, the weight of the fruit causes it to “buckle.”

What is the difference between a cobbler and a betty? ›

Betty. Whereas crisps and cobblers are made up of a layer of fruit with either a streusel or pastry topping, with apple betty and its variations, we start constructing desserts made of alternating layers of fruit and pastry—or in this case crumbs.

What is the difference between a crisp and a cobbler? ›

Exterior: Cobblers are denser due to the biscuit dough topping and base, while crisps use oats and a streusel topping, making them lighter.

What does Pandowdy mean? ›

pan·​dow·​dy pan-ˈdau̇-dē plural pandowdies. : a deep-dish spiced apple dessert sweetened with sugar, molasses, or maple syrup and covered with a rich crust.

Why is a buckle called a buckle? ›

The word "buckle" enters Middle English via Old French and the Latin buccula or "cheek-strap," as for a helmet. Some of the earliest buckles known are those used by Roman soldiers to strap their body armor together and prominently on the balteus and cingulum.

Why is it called brown betty? ›

This has led some historians to believe that Betty was the name of the cook and creator of the recipe and that brown was in reference to her skin color.

What kind of cobbler does Cracker Barrel have? ›

Fresh Fruit Peach Cobbler - Fresh Fruit Cobbler | Cracker Barrel.

What is the American version of crumble? ›

A crumble (British English) or crisp (American English) is typically a dessert with a crumbly topping consisting of flour, butter, sugar, and sometimes oats, baked over a fruit filling.

What does "buckle" mean in baking? ›

Buckle: A buckle consists of fruit and cake baked together, with a streusel topping. As it bakes the fruit and streusel topping makes the cake “buckle.” It very much resembles a coffee cake.

What is the old name for a cobbler? ›

A cobbler, also known as a shoemaker or cordwainer, repairs and restores footwear.

What's the difference between apple crisp and crumble? ›

Apple Crumble is synonymous with Apple Crisp in the U.K. and Australia, but in Canada and the U.S., it is a slightly different dish. Like an apple crisp, an apple crumble is a baked fruit dessert with a layer of topping. But unlike the crisp, the crumble topping rarely includes oats or nuts.

What's the difference between a pandowdy and a cobbler? ›

A pandowdy is another deep dish stewed fruit dessert similar to a cobbler but made with a different technique. Here the biscuit dough (or pie dough) is rolled out and spread over the top of the fruit and set to bake.

Is crisp the same as crumble? ›

A crumble is just a crisp without oats in the streusel. It may feature nuts, but the streusel topping is usually a simple combination of butter, flour, and sugar that is more clumpy than that of a crisp.

Do cobblers have a bottom crust? ›

Pies have, at a minimum, a bottom crust with the fruit placed on top, while a cobbler has the fruit on the bottom and a dolloped dough on top instead. The doughs used are also different, with a pie typically using a rolled-out pastry versus the dropped biscuit topping of a cobbler.

What's the difference between a blueberry pie and a cobbler? ›

The biggest difference between a cobbler and a pie is the placement of the dough. Pies have, at a minimum, a bottom crust with the fruit placed on top, while a cobbler has the fruit on the bottom and a dolloped dough on top instead.

What's the difference between a cobbler and a grunt? ›

A biscuit, pie, or cake-topped fruit dessert that's cooked in a covered Dutch oven or cast-iron skillet on the stove. Grunts are very similar to cobblers, but they are STEAMED instead of BAKED.

What is a synonym for pandowdy? ›

Definitions of pandowdy. noun. deep-dish apple dessert covered with a rich crust. synonyms: dowdy. type of: pastry.

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