Why Is Squash Bad for You? Toxic Squash Syndrome (2024)

  • Toxic Squash Syndrome
    • How can squash become toxic?
  • How to Avoid
    • How to avoid toxic squash syndrome
  • Research Studies
    • What does research say about toxic squash syndrome?
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Why Is Squash Bad for You? Toxic Squash Syndrome (1)

Squash can contain cucurbitacin E, which is a toxic compound that can cause cucurbit poisoning or toxic squash syndrome

Although squash is rich in nutrients, it can make you ill if you’re not careful.

Squash can contain cucurbitacin E, which is a toxic compound that can cause cucurbit poisoning or toxic squash syndrome.

While dangerous, toxic squash syndrome is extremely rare, you can protect yourself by learning how it occurs and how to avoid it.

How can squash become toxic?

Squash is a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, which generates the toxin cucurbitacin as a natural defense against insects.

Although wild squash, cucumbers, and other cucurbits may contain large amounts of cucurbitacin, farmed varieties normally only have trace amounts that have no effect on people.

According to some observations, wild cucurbits contain higher concentrations of cucurbitacin and taste quite bitter compared to those that are found in a garden or store.

Wild squash and other vegetables are thought to contain more cucurbitacin due to cross-pollination with wild plants and stress during growth, such as insufficient water or inadequate fertilizer.

How to avoid toxic squash syndrome

Due to the intense and unpleasant bitterness of plants with a high cucurbitacin concentration, you can usually tell when squash is bad.

If you take a bite of squash and notice a nasty taste, spit it out and throw it away. Even a small amount can cause serious side effects that can make you sick.

Avoid eating squash that you are unfamiliar with. For example, if your garden produces squash that you did not plant, avoid eating them.

What does research say about toxic squash syndrome?

Squash was traditionally known to have a mildly bitter taste but otherwise wasn't unique.

However, everything changed when two French women started losing their hair. According to a report on the two instances that were printed in the journal JAMA Dermatology, the women were strangers and did not purchase their squash from the same vendor. Despite this, they both experienced toxic squash syndrome.

In one of the incidents, a woman and her family experienced nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea after consuming a soup made from a pumpkin that tasted bitter. A week later, the woman lost significant amounts of hair (covering a sizable portion of her scalp), although none of her family members experienced this.

In the second case, a woman experienced severe vomiting an hour or so after consuming a bitter-tasting squash, but no one else who consumed the vegetable experienced any ill effects. Three weeks later, she began to lose a significant amount of hair from her head, underarms, and pubic area.

Although cucurbit poisoning is uncommon, other examples have been documented in medical literature. In those cases, people had food poisoning after consuming bitter squash, zucchini, and other gourd plants.

According to the case report, bitter gourds containing poisonous substances can cause temporary hair loss because they have the same effect on hair follicles as some chemotherapy medications.

In more recent research that appeared in the Journal of Clinical Toxicology in January 2018, a French poison center identified more than 350 instances of food poisoning connected to bitter-tasting squash that occurred between 2012 and 2016. Results showed that 26% of those cases were vegetables from home gardens, whereas about 56% of those cases involved store-bought squash.

Why Is Squash Bad for You? Toxic Squash Syndrome (2)

SLIDESHOW

Foods That Aren't as Healthy as You Think See Slideshow

Medically Reviewed on 9/22/2022

References

Image Source: Getty images

JAMA Dermatol. 2018;154(5):617-618. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.6128

https://depts.washington.edu/hortlib/pal/pal-question-994/

https://extension.oregonstate.edu/news/cucumber-bitterness-explained

https://extension.oregonstate.edu/ask-expert/featured/are-volunteer-squash-toxic

https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2018.1424891https://doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2012.700015

Why Is Squash Bad for You? Toxic Squash Syndrome (2024)

FAQs

Why Is Squash Bad for You? Toxic Squash Syndrome? ›

Although squash is rich in nutrients, it can make you ill if you're not careful. Squash can contain cucurbitacin E, which is a toxic compound that can cause cucurbit poisoning or toxic squash syndrome.

What causes toxic squash syndrome? ›

Toxic squash syndrome occurs when a person eats something from the gourd fruit and vegetable family that contains unusually high levels of cucurbitacins. Plants in the gourd family include courgette, melon, pumpkin, squash, and cucumber. Cucurbitacins are bitter-tasting compounds that can be poisonous to humans.

What are the bad side effects of squash? ›

While the high beta-carotene content in squash can provide many benefits, studies also suggest that consuming too much of this compound can increase the risk of lung cancer. In addition, some types of prepared squash include high amounts of added sugar.

Is squash good or bad for you? ›

Some health benefits include improving blood pressure, supporting gut health, and decreasing your risk for certain diseases. There are over 100 kinds of summer and winter squash. They're all incredibly beneficial fruits (and yes, squash is considered fruit).

Is it bad to eat a whole squash? ›

“Some (winter) squash have really delicate skins and they become tender when cooked. You can bake them and eat the whole thing.”

How to tell if squash is bad? ›

Keep your eye out for any brown spots or blemishes; these can indicate the start of spoiling. Any soft spots or slimy areas are also a sign that your squash has gone bad. Old squash tends to have soft flesh, leathery skin, and a hollow feel. And, of course, any spots of mold mean it's time to toss your squash.

Can you eat too much butternut squash? ›

Butternut squash is a healthful option, but its high potassium content may mean that some people should consume it in moderation. Beta-blockers are a type of medication commonly prescribed for people with heart disease. These can cause potassium levels to increase in the blood.

Is squash hard on the body? ›

Squash injuries include: muscle strains and sprains – particularly to the arms, legs and lower back. These injuries are often not severe but can limit game performance. fall injuries – from falling or slipping on court.

Is squash hard on kidneys? ›

Because of its potassium content, winter squash may not be a good choice to eat regularly depending on your stage of chronic kidney disease and if you are on a potassium restriction. Make sure to check with your renal dietitian for cooking methods and safe portion sizes.

What does squash do to your stomach? ›

Digestion. Butternut squash contains both soluble and insoluble fiber. Insoluble fiber speeds up the passage of foods through the stomach and intestines; soluble fiber holds onto water and turns into gel during digestion. It slows digestion and nutrient absorption from the stomach and intestines.

What is the healthiest squash to eat? ›

1. Butternut Squash. One of the most popular varieties of squash, it can be use in so many ways. It's one of the most rich in Vitamin A, boasting about 100% of the recommended daily value per cup, in the antioxidant form of beta-carotene.

Does squash clean you out? ›

Packed with Fiber and Good for the Gut

Squash is great for digestion! The benefits of eating squash are due to its vitamin and mineral content and the fiber it provides. Winter squashes are rich in prebiotic soluble fiber, which nourishes good gut bacteria and balances the microbiome.

What squash can you not eat? ›

The following types of squash and gourds are only for decoration and should not be eaten:
  • Angel Wing.
  • Apple Gourd.
  • Baby Bear.
  • Gooseneck.
  • Jack Be Quick.
Nov 3, 2015

What are the side effects of eating squash? ›

Squash can contain cucurbitacin E, which is a toxic compound that can cause cucurbit poisoning or toxic squash syndrome. While dangerous, toxic squash syndrome is extremely rare, you can protect yourself by learning how it occurs and how to avoid it.

Is drinking too much squash bad for you? ›

Children should avoid sugary fizzy drinks, squash and juice drinks completely. Children who drink a lot of sugary drinks are more likely to become overweight. The added sugar in these drinks can also damage teeth.

Which is healthier, zucchini or yellow squash? ›

Is yellow squash as nutritious as zucchini? The two are very similar in terms of their nutrition content and health perks. For example, both are about 95% water, making them low in both calories and carbs, and are decent sources of vitamins A and C, potassium, and fiber.

How do you keep squash from being toxic? ›

How to avoid toxic squash syndrome. Due to the intense and unpleasant bitterness of plants with a high cucurbitacin concentration, you can usually tell when squash is bad. If you take a bite of squash and notice a nasty taste, spit it out and throw it away.

What foods have cucurbitacin in them? ›

That bitter flavor in wild cucurbits — the family that includes cucumber, pumpkin, melon, watermelon and squash — is due to compounds called cucurbitacins. The bitter taste protects wild plants against predators.

How common is cucurbit poisoning? ›

Toxic squash syndrome

Zane Horowitz, a toxicologist and medical director of the Oregon Poison Center in Portland, who was not involved in the case. Cucurbit poisoning is a very rare syndrome, and the toxin involved has not been well-studied, Horowitz noted.

What does toxic squash taste like? ›

Cross-pollination of squash

Since flowers are insect-pollinated, it is possible in rare cases for a seed you receive in a seed packet to have been cross-pollinated with wild cucurbits, resulting in high levels of cucurbitacins and a very bitter taste.

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