Yeast or sourdough starter? - Google Arts & Culture (2024)

Dominika Zielinska's bakery by Frédéric Aguilhon / ReportagePhotosSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France

The baguette began life in the 20th century, just after the appearance of baker's yeast. It therefore has a direct connection to this breakthrough. Sourdough bread, on the other hand, is often a flagship product of boulangeries, after a return

to popularity brought about in the 1980s by Lionel Poilâne's famous Pain Poilâne.
But every French baker must make a choice between these two different fermenting agents.

Mickaël Chesnouard, Meilleur ouvrier de France by Mickaël ChesnouardSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France

Bread fermentation

Leavened bread is a fermented foodstuff, unlike its unleavened counterpart or buckwheat pancakes. Fermentation happens when fermenting agents (starters and bacteria) interact with fermentable sugars, which are the sugars contained within wheat (or other grain) flour, and break them down chemically.

Bakery Gosselin by Thomas DéronSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France

What is yeast?

Yeast is a microscopic fungus (around 1/7,000 mm) and is therefore a single-celled organism. A piece of yeast weighing 0.03 oz. Like every living being, yeast needs to eat. It feeds on sugar, and in doing so, transforms it into different compounds.

The most well-known and widely used of these are the Saccharomyces cerevisiae (meaning beer sugar mushrooms), but many other kinds of yeast exist, too.

Levain dur by Vincent FerniotSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France

The result of sugar being consumed by yeast

This process differs depending on whether yeast or a sourdough starter is used.
Yeast feeds on wheat starch (a kind of sugar), releasing carbonated gas from it. Baker's yeast turns the sugar into alcohol (a very low volume which evaporates away as the dough is baked) and into carbonated gas.
Sourdough starters turn the sugar into carbonated gas and lactic (and acetic) acid, which give this bread its sour flavor.

Mie alvéoléeSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France

How does fermentation act on the bread dough?

The two main outcomes of bread dough fermentation are bubble formation (the distinctive air pockets that form after baking) and the enrichment of the aromas. Like any other kind of fermentation, the process makes the food easier to digest by predigesting it.

Portrait Kinga Klusak dans son fournil by Abril M BarruecosSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France

What's the difference between a starter and baker's yeast?

Starters, the original rising product, are prepared by bakers before they make the bread. They come from a culture of yeasts and lactic bacteria that are left to develop naturally in a mix of flour and water left exposed to fresh air. Baker's yeast is an industrial product of the 19th century. It is a standardized product made by selecting and allowing certain yeast types to multiply in order to achieve a faster, more controlled fermentation.

Hot, but not too hot: the dough needs to be kept at the right temperature so the yeast can produce a good fermentation. Too cold: the microorganisms are affected by the cold. They become dormant, and the dough doesn't rise enough. Hot: the microorganisms act quickly but not in the desired way. The bread won't have the time needed to bring out its aromas, and it will go stale quickly since it also won't have the time to trap water in its glutinous network. Very hot: the yeast is cooked, the bacteria die out, and the dough doesn't rise at all.

Mickaël Chesnouard by M Gain Nathanaël et le magasin M Crampon FrancoisSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France

What is gluten?

Gluten is the protein that is the building block of leavened bread. It occurs naturally in wheat (even more so in traditional wheat species). During fermentation, it binds to carbohydrates and other proteins to form a stretchy glutinous network. This network holds the bread together by trapping the gas bubbles. Without gluten, bread collapses when it is cooled.

Is gluten bad for your health? Gluten does not bring any health risks apart from risks for people with celiac disease (an acute gluten intolerance), who make up around 1% of the population. It's undeserved reputation as indigestible seems to stem largely from other factors of the bread-making process: the excessive use of additives in industrially produced bread, undercooking, and intestinal sensitivity to fermentable sugars that are more often present in white bread.

Mickaël Chesnouard, Meilleur ouvrier de France by Mickaël ChesnouardSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France

So are baguettes made using yeast or starters?

Under the official decree that defines a Baguette de Tradition Française (Traditional Baguette) under French law, both yeast and starters are permitted, either separately or together. This is left up to the preference of artisan French bakers.

Bakery Kayser - Israel by KayserSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France

Sourdough baguette

This is a traditional shape (farmhouse bread) that gives free reign to the baker's creativity. Sourdough produces a small amount of gas, and the dough rises slowly, but it produces what is known as lactic fermentation, similar to what happens in yogurt or sauerkraut. This gives the bread a fuller flavor and sourness, and makes it easier to digest.

Bakery Gosselin by Thomas DéronSociété nationale des Meilleurs Ouvriers de France

A baguette made from baker's yeast

This is a more modern type of baguette, which is easier for the baker to control since the yeast purchased is always near-identical in its composition, and the dough rises more quickly thanks to its accelerated fermentation. It has a much sweeter flavor and a subtler aroma. The baker will add aroma later while roasting the bread during the baking process.

A mix of sourdough starter and baker's yeast This is the middle ground adopted by a number of artisan bakers who are keen to take advantage of the benefits of both categories of fermenting agents. The inimitable signature aroma of sourdough and the ease of use of yeast. It's then up to the client to choose what they prefer.

Credits: Story

Vincent Ferniot

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The story featured may in some cases have been created by an independent third party and may not always represent the views of the institutions, listed below, who have supplied the content.

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Yeast or sourdough starter? - Google Arts & Culture (2024)

FAQs

Yeast or sourdough starter? - Google Arts & Culture? ›

Baker's yeast turns the sugar into alcohol (a very low volume which evaporates away as the dough is baked) and into carbonated gas. Sourdough starters turn the sugar into carbonated gas and lactic (and acetic) acid, which give this bread its sour flavor.

Is yeast or sourdough starter better? ›

In fact, Sourdough starter breaks down the very gluten and phytic acid in a way that dry yeast simply can't. Is Gluten bad for you? No, in general it's good for you unless you are highly allergic to it or have celiac disease, but like all foods eating everything in moderation is key to staying healthier.

Why is sourdough healthier than yeast? ›

Because sourdough bread is lower on the glycemic index, it can be good for diabetics too. Both lactic acid and acidic acid slow down digestion, so the natural sugar in bread is absorbed more slowly.

What is the difference between sourdough starter and sourdough culture? ›

The culture is maintained indefinitely, fed with fresh flour and water (also called refreshing) consistently. A sourdough starter is used to seed fermentation in new dough when baking bread and is responsible for leavening (making rise) and flavoring a loaf of sourdough bread.

Is starter culture the same as yeast? ›

The truth is, sourdough starter is full of yeast - it's just a different kind of yeast to commercial yeast. So while sourdough starter is different to commercial yeast, it can get confusing because in essence, sourdough starter is natural, wild yeast.

Can you use both sourdough starter and yeast? ›

In fact, many of the most popular sourdough bread recipes on our site (e.g., Rustic Sourdough Bread, Whole Wheat and Rye Sourdough Bread) include commercial yeast along with starter.

Which bread is better, yeast or sourdough? ›

We preferred the sourdough loaf in the end, mostly because of the flavor and the benefits of the fermentation process. While many people tell me that sourdough creates a more dense loaf than commercial yeast, I think some of this comes down to patience.

Is it okay to eat sourdough bread every day? ›

The type of flour used — all-purpose, whole wheat, rye — can affect the nutritional content of sourdough bread, says Wee. But generally speaking, sourdough bread is a healthy option and can be eaten regularly as part of a nutritious, balanced diet.

Is sourdough good for your gut? ›

Sourdough bread may be easier to digest than white bread for some people. According to some studies, sourdough bread acts as a prebiotic, which means that the fiber in the bread helps feed the “good” bacteria in your intestines. These bacteria are important for maintaining a stable, healthy digestive system.

How much sourdough starter to substitute for yeast? ›

How much sourdough starter equals a packet of yeast? As a general rule, 100g of sourdough starter can be used to replace one packet of yeast (a packet usually contains 5-7g of commercial yeast).

Do you have to discard sourdough starter every time you feed it? ›

Do I have to discard my sourdough starter? It would be best to discard some portion of your starter each time you feed it unless you want to continue to let it grow. Eventually, you need to discard the used food (flour and water) that's sustained your starter during the last fermentation period.

Does Panera use sourdough starter? ›

Louis since then, that same sourdough starter is still used in our iconic sourdough bread and the craft of baking bread fresh each day remains at the heart of Panera Bread.

Is grocery store sourdough real sourdough? ›

While purists will tell you it should be made from just flour, water, salt and a “starter” that is in turn made from flour, water and the above-mentioned naturally occuring yeasts, Which? has found that most supermarket sourdoughs are adulterated with anything from yoghurt and vinegar to – and this is the real killer – ...

Why use sourdough starter instead of yeast? ›

Sourdough Starters Versus Commercial Baker's Yeast

Baking with a sourdough starter can bring other flavors to the fore, such as the caramel, earthy notes of whole wheat or the subtle sweetness of dairy. This improved flavor comes from a sourdough starter's microbial diversity, a feature that commercial yeast lacks.

What is a substitute for starter culture? ›

Any of the starter culture liquids, whey, water kefir, kombucha, or brine from a previous ferment, may be used interchangeably in a recipe. In recipes calling for a pre-packaged starter culture, substitute salt only or salt plus a liquid starter culture.

Is starter culture a probiotic? ›

Myth #1: Probiotics and starter cultures strains are identical. Fact: There are important, subtle differences between starter cultures and probiotic microorganisms. While very similar, probiotic strains and strains used for starter cultures have very different roles when it comes to the probiotic products we love.

Can I replace yeast with sourdough starter? ›

The rising power of one packet of yeast is about equivalent to one cup of sourdough starter, depending on the health of your starter. Knowing these two factors you can approximate a substitution of one cup of sourdough starter for one packet of commercial yeast.

Is yeast-free bread better for you? ›

For health conscious consumers yeast free bread has many benefits and is recommended for people suffering from Diabetes, Candida and other digestive problems. Eating most types of regular bread creates sugar in our body's when our body breaks down the bread into carbohydrates and simple sugars.

Why is sourdough starter better? ›

Unlike baking yeast, which provides a quick rise, a sourdough starter requires a longer fermentation process, resulting in a more complex and tangy taste. Additionally, sourdough starters enhance the nutritional value of bread by breaking down gluten and making it easier to digest.

Is sourdough cheaper than yeast? ›

In a nutshell, if you are making a lot of bread, the sourdough starter will be cheaper than yeast. But if you're baking once a week or less, and don't need to bake large amounts of bread, then the yeast will probably be cheaper, if not quite as delicious.

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