Choux Pastry | Baking Processes | BAKERpedia (2024)

Origin

Pantanelli, the head chef of Catherine de Medici of Florence, invented choux pastry after moving to France in 1540. That pastry named after him was, essentially, a hot dried paste with which he made gateaux and pastries which spread across France. Its irregular shape after baking earned it the name ‘choux’ (French for cabbage). Further refinement and perfection were introduced in the 19th Century by Antoine Careme.

How does it work?

Unlike short crust, flaky or puff pastry, choux pastry dough is made from water and flour which is further enriched and lightened through the incorporation of eggs while beating the paste.

Baking results in a crisp shell with a thin, moist lining of cooked paste and a hollow centre. There is no leavening agent in choux pastry. Instead, these pastries rely on the steam produced during baking to puff up and form the hollow center.

Choux pastry can be shaped prior to baking to make a variety of products.

Typical choux pastry formula includes:2,3

IngredientBaker’s %
Pastry flour (9.0–11.0% protein)100.0
Liquid whole eggs140.0–170.0
Water75.0–90.0
Whole milk75.0–90.0
Butter75.0–80.0
Sugar (refined, granulated sucrose)0.0–4.0
Salt1.5–3.0

Processing steps (paste cooking):

  • Bring the milk, water, sugar, salt and butter to a boil, stir to combine.
  • Remove from heat source, add the flour and continue stirring.
  • Heat the mix again while stirring till the mixture becomes a cohesive mass and clears the side of the pot.
  • Transfer the mix to a mixer with a paddle attachment. Mix on low speed until the mix reaches a temperature of around 43–60°C then add ¾ of the eggs gradually until fully incorporated.
  • Add the remainder of the eggs until the desired consistency (viscosity) is reached. The paste should be smooth and moist but firm enough to hold its shape. Alternately, hot milk may be added to the mix to adjust its consistency.

Processing steps (paste baking):

  • Pipe or deposit the mix to achieve the desired shapes.
  • Bake the choux at 176°C (350°F) for 10 minutes in a convection oven with the vent closed and then at 163°C (325°F) for 15–20 minutes with the vent open.
  • The baked product must have a well-browned exterior with a dry center.

Application

For a successful production of choux pastry, the following options can be used:2

  • Generally, a combination of water and milk is used in the recipe but all water or all milk may also be used. Higher milk levels improve the pastry tenderness and color while high water allow for higher baking temperatures.
  • Margarine or shortening may be substituted for butter if required.
  • Pastry flour is preferred due to its milder protein content which prevents cracking and distortion of the pastry during baking. Bread flour may also be used, but this may require higher hydration of the flour and may reduce expansion of the baked product.
  • A small quantity of sugar that may be added to the recipe to provide the baked product with desirable color and flavor (along with the salt).
  • Excessive boiling of the liquids should be avoided due to possible deleterious effects on flour hydration.
  • Overcooking the mixture after adding the flour may cause denaturation of the proteins, resulting in incomplete absorption of the eggs and the formation of a non-hom*ogeneous mix.
  • Since the pastry relies completely on steam for leavening, it is important to ensure there is a sufficient amount of water (from water, milk and eggs) in the paste.
  • Both unbaked and baked choux paste can be stored in the freezer. The unbaked mix can be thawed and baked as normal when required.
  • It is important to keep in mind that all baked choux paste products have a short shelf-life due to issues with texture deterioration.

References

  1. Jones, Bridget, and Robuchon Joël. “Puff Pastry.” New Concise Larousse Gastronomique: the Culinary Classic Revised and Updated, Hamlyn, 2007, pp. 293.
  2. Suas, M. “Pastry Dough” Advanced Bread and Pastry: A Professional Approach, first printing, Delmar, Cengage Learning, 2009, pp. 400-441.
  3. Gisslen, W. “Pastry Basics” Professional Baking, 7th edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 2017, pp. 311-348.
Choux Pastry | Baking Processes | BAKERpedia (2024)

FAQs

What are the processes in choux pastry? ›

It's made by cooking flour with water and/or milk and butter, then mixing in eggs off heat to form a pipe-able, spoonable consistency. It's then cooked a second time, either by baking, frying, or poaching, depending on the specific recipe the choux is being used for.

What 3 things do you look for to tell if your choux pastry is ready? ›

It's pretty easy to know when the choux pastry is cooked, look for the tell-tale sign of light golden brown, puffed up and feel hollow when you pick them up.

Why is choux pastry cooked twice? ›

A twice-cooked dough—first on the stovetop and again in the oven—choux is like a magic air bubble of pastry. It harnesses the power of steam, rather than leavening, to rise in the oven. While baking, the outside sets, with the fat crisping into a golden exterior.

What is the process of making puff pastry known as ___________? ›

Puff pastry is made using a method known as lamination, where a block of butter is wrapped fully and sealed inside a dough. The dough then goes through a series of folds, where it is rolled out to a certain thickness and folded over onto itself.

What can go wrong with choux pastry? ›

Too much moisture in dough from the eggs.

If you've used too many eggs in your pastry dough, water in the egg yolk will start to separate from the yolk. Once the pastry is baking in the oven, this water then evaporates, causing the structure of the pastry to tighten up and shrink.

What makes choux pastry rise? ›

It puffs up in the oven until it is eventually set by the heat. The airiness, in fact, is caused because choux has a high water content, which is turned into steam during baking and this forces the pastry shell outwards and gives it volume.

What are the characteristics of a perfect choux pastry? ›

It is characterized by a crispy outer shell with a light, airy interior. Choux pastry, also called pâte à choux ("pot-ah-SHOO"), is made with flour, butter, eggs, and water, although it can sometimes be made using half water and half milk.

Why is my choux not puffing up? ›

If too much egg is added or if it is added too quickly, the Choux's ability to rise when baked will be affected. Similarly, if not enough egg is incorporated, it won't puff, causing it to be dense inside.

What to do if choux pastry is too runny? ›

My choux dough is too runny, what do I do? Cause for runny dough: Too much egg added into your panade. The Fix: Make another batch of panade, heating the butter, water, sugar and salt and then adding in the flour and cooking it. At this point, let it cool to room temperature.

What happens if you overmix choux pastry? ›

Finally, it is important to not overmix the dough after the eggs are added. Overmixing can make the dough tough.

How to know when choux is done? ›

This fact means that it is more important to know how the finished paste should look and feel than it is to just follow the recipe. Finished choux paste should be soft, smooth, and be able to be piped.

How to keep choux crispy? ›

Shelf-life & Refeshing your Choux

You can keep the Choux in an airtight container for up to 3 days. They will feel soggy when you take them out so it's important to put them in a 175°C oven for about 5 minutes. That will dry and crisp them back up. ..But I suggest to use,the same day you make them, so much better.

What are the basic steps in the production of éclair paste are as follows? ›

The basic steps in the production of éclair paste are as follows: boil the liquid, fat, and salt; stir in the flour all at once; cool slightly; and beat in the eggs a little at a time. The main ingredients in strudel dough are pastry flour, water, salt, eggs, and oil.

What is the chemical reaction in choux pastry? ›

The choux turns brown

In the oven, it slowly turns a light brown color. This is because of the Maillard reaction. Sugar from the flour and proteins from the eggs and flour react together, to form brown molecules. Freshly baked small choux buns, notice their light brown color.

Does coagulation occur in choux pastry? ›

Eggs: eggs will provide hydration, from the water content. And the egg proteins will provide structure to the choux when they coagulate with the heat of the oven.

What is choux pastry raised by? ›

Choux pastry is unique in that it does not use a raising agent, such as baking powder or baking soda. Instead, it relies on the steam that is created when the water in the dough evaporates during baking.

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